The developers at Gmail have recently added the ability to recover gmail password through SMS i.e. text message. This was done because a lot of people often forget their password and this simplifies password recovery process.
To enable this for your account, just sign in, select ‘Change Password Recovery Options,’ enter your cell phone number and click ‘Save.’
The next time you forget your password, enter your username on the password-assistance page, and Google will send you a recovery code through SMS. There is no need to check another email account or even leave the page.
Generally, it is advisable to add as many password recovery options to your Google account as possible i.e. another email address and security question. Always keep them up-to-date or you may find it difficult to recover your password.
More Information here.